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EBITDA

Operating Income + Depreciation + Amortization
alt:Net Income + Interest + Taxes + D&A

EBITDA measures operating profitability before the effects of capital structure, tax environment, and non-cash accounting charges. It is the standard earnings metric for mid-market transactions.

How it's used in a deal

Primary metric for larger businesses (>$5M revenue). Used with EBITDA multiples (typically 3.0x-6.5x).

Worked example

For Precision Auto Service in FY 2024:

Revenue$1,810,000
− Cost of Goods Sold$948,000
− Operating Expenses$534,400
= Operating Income$327,600
+ Depreciation & Amortization$8,900

EBITDA = $336,500

Numbers from our sample deal report — an anonymized real-world analysis.

Important caveat

EBITDA does not account for capital expenditure requirements, working capital needs, or debt service obligations.

Frequently asked questions

Should I use SDE or EBITDA to value a small business?

Use SDE when the buyer will replace an owner-operator (most sub-$5M businesses). Use EBITDA when the business runs on a management team that stays after closing. The two can differ by the owner's entire compensation, so using the wrong one skews the valuation badly.

Why do lenders adjust EBITDA?

Reported EBITDA often contains one-time expenses, owner perks, and non-market rent. Lenders normalize these to see repeatable cash flow — see Adjusted EBITDA for how add-backs work.

See EBITDA computed on a real deal

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Educational content from a decision-support tool — not a CPA audit, review, or assurance engagement, and not tax, legal, or investment advice.